高一英语精选押题卷（二）

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【月考卷】高一英语精选押题 2

（考试时间：90 分钟；试卷满分：120 分）

第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 50 分）

第一节 （共 15 小题：每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A If you pay no attention to your mental health, it can lead to depression, burnout, anxiety, and so much more. So, whether you’re in your youth or you want to help someone you love, these are some of the best mental health websites for young people. TeenHelp As the name suggests, TeenHelp is specifically targeted towards those in their teen years. The website covers mental health topics from teen depression to anger issues. The great thing about TeenHelp is that it is not only for teenagers but parents, too. It includes a particular column for parents to find online resources, like how to choose a psychologist. YoungMinds Even if you’re not in the UK, YoungMinds gives you access to a library of helpful advice, information, support, and resources. Please choose whether you are a parent, you work with young people, or you are a young person yourself. From there you can use various helplines, read real stories, and learn more about mental health conditions. There is even a YoungMinds online store where you can buy fun clothing, postcards, and prints. ReachOut ReachOut offers something for everyone, whether you’re a young person looking for help or a parent. Do you need help with mental health issues such as addiction, self-harm, or anxiety? ReachOut has got you covered. But what makes ReachOut so special is that it offers an online community of young people and free chats with a peer (同龄人) worker.

1. What is special about YoungMinds? A. It only serves British users. B. It works with a local library. C. It asks users to share stories. D. It sells various goods online.

2. What do the three websites have in common? A. They welcome teens and parents. B. They offer free chats with peers. C. They hire famous psychologists. D. They have a column for parents.

3. What is the purpose of the text? A. To report. B. To inform. C. To analyse. D. To describe.

B Over the past two years, Liu Yijing, a storm chaser from Nanchang, has traveled nearly 27,000 kilometers to record storms in 11 provinces. When he was a kid, Liu liked to read popular science picture books and watch the weather forecast, becoming excited whenever he saw storms and other weather. In 2018, when playing with an old camera at home, Liu accidentally took dozens of pictures of lightning. He posted them online and received many likes, arousing his great interest in shooting storms. But it’s never easy to shoot amazing pictures about ever-changing storms. Every time, Liu needs to find an area where storms could appear and then mark the best shooting positions, which often cover dozens of kilometers. Then, he’ll find a reliable driver and carry his photographic equipment and food to wait for the storm. For shooting high-quality storms, he always sticks with it to the end and often lands himself in danger of being attacked by hails (冰雹) and pouring rains. However, one thing changed his mind. One day in August 2020, Liu was shooting a pink-purple thunderstorm when a farmer came over and cried, “You, as a photographer, should care about our crops, not the damaging storms.” The farmer’s words hit him as hard as any thunderstorm. “I just wanted to shoot the storm, but I never thought that what I like is a disaster for others,” Liu said. “I felt guilty and decided to do something to help more people learn about meteorology (气象学).” Now Liu makes and posts short videos with explanations about the phenomena and the possible dangers of storms. For example, to warn people of the danger of possible hails, he marked hail cores, which often show noticeable blue colors due to large amounts of thick raindrops in the cloud, because water molecules absorb red light and scatter ( 散 射) blue light. “Putting knowledge into shocking and lively pictures and videos is a better way to pass the

knowledge to more people,” said Liu. “That’s the significance and value of what I’m doing now.”

1. What caused Liu to shoot storms? A. Popular science picture books. B. His interest in taking photos. C. His love for weather reports. D. The popularity of his pictures.
2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. Possible dangers of shooting storms. B. Liu’s efforts in shooting high-quality storms. C. Requirements for being a storm chaser. D. Liu’s special skills for shooting amazing pictures.
3. How did the farmer’s words change Liu? A. He chose to spread knowledge. B. He started to care about crops. C. He changed his way of shooting. D. He shoots storms with guilt.
4. Why does the author mention hail cores in the last paragraph? A. To explain how dangerous hail is. B. To give an example of a sign of a hailstorm. C. To illustrate how Liu helps people understand storms. D. To prove Liu has a profound knowledge of meteorology.

C I always listen to my local public radio station while I’m driving. My focus often changes as I stare out at the road ahead. But I became fully attentive on a recent morning once I realized the entire newscast was dedicated to local wildlife. There was something about the pack of some 30 to 50 javelinas ( 野猪) that ruined a golf course near Sedona, Arizona, followed by talk of the recent sighting of a jaguar ( 美 洲 虎), a species that ranged across Arizona and Sonora, Mexico, until construction of the border wall blocked the way. Finally, there was an update on Mexican wolf reintroduction efforts in New Mexico and Arizona. The results were mixed: Nine of the wolves had died or been killed recently. As I sat in my car, listening to the news, I felt helpless, even mournful. What would it take for most of us to understand that the javelinas’ behavior on that heavily irrigated golf course in the desert was a sign that maybe the course shouldn’t be in the desert to begin with? The way I saw it, the javelinas weren’t invading ( 入 侵) the site; they were reclaiming it. After all, the javelinas’

needs—for food and space—are more basic than a few privileged humans’ desire to play golf. As for the Arizona Mexican wolf pup reintroduction effort that I heard about in the news, for the past 25 years, scientists have been working hard to restore the native wolf population, and yet are unable to remove its greatest threat. Today, almost 250 Mexican wolves are believed to be in the wild, and every year, humans illegally kill one out of ten. The wolf recovery effort is necessary, but it’s extremely difficult because we humans keep getting in the way. I need to tackle my helplessness, because helplessness leads to no longer wanting to take care of what matters most. Therefore, I think that it must be a good sign that my local news now regularly covers the challenges of coexistence and possible solutions to our problems. That’s progress and fuels my hope.

1. What is the morning news about? A. Dangers of local wildlife. B. Efforts to reintroduce wildlife. C. Issues of human-wildlife coexistence. D. Distribution of wildlife around the world.
2. Why did the javelinas destroy the golf course according to the author? A. To meet basic needs. B. To protect the desert. C. To oppose golf playing. D. To attack human beings.
3. What do we know about the Mexican wolves? A. They are bound to go extinct. B. Humans threaten their survival. C. Their number has greatly increased. D. 10% of them have been reintroduced.
4. What is the author’s attitude to the challenges mentioned in the last paragraph? A. Unclear. B. Negative. C. Optimistic. D. Indifferent.

D With lunar exploration rocketing, it poses many challenges. Among them is a fundamental question metrologists (计量学家) worldwide are working to answer: what time is it on the Moon? The Moon doesn’t currently have an independent time. Each lunar mission uses its own timescale to coordinate universal time, or UTC—the standard against which the earth’s clocks are set. The approach works when the Moon hosts a handful of independent missions, but it will be a problem when there are multiple craft working together. Space agencies will also want to track them using satellite navigation, which relies on precise timing signals. The most pressing need for lunar time comes from plans to create a dedicated global navigation satellite system (GNSS) for the Moon. To tackle this problem, representatives of space agencies and academic organizations worldwide met in November 2022 to start drafting recommendations on how to define lunar time. Defining lunar time is not simple. According to the Special Theory of Relativity, clocks tick more slowly in stronger gravitational fields. The Moon’s gravitational pull is weaker than Earth’s, meaning a lunar clock would run faster than an Earth one. Defining a lunar standard, with which all clocks are compared, will involve installing at least three master clocks that tick at the Moon’s natural pace, and whose output is combined by an algorithm (算法) to generate a more accurate ‘virtual’ timepiece. What happens then depends on which option metrologists choose. They might decide to base lunar time on UTC. The alternative would be to use the synthesized output of the lunar atomic clocks as the Moon’s own independent, continuous time, and to track its relationship to UTC. That way, even if the connection with Earth is lost, clocks on the Moon will still agree with each other, allowing safe navigation and communications. Setting lunar time is part of a much bigger picture. It will one day work for the more distant planets that space agencies are ultimately targeting, such as Mars.

1. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. The working principle of UTC. B. The achievements of the space mission. C. The urgency to develop satellite navigation. D. The problem of the current lunar timing method.

2. What is the major barrier to defining lunar time? A. Lack of professional guidance. B. The disagreement among metrologists. C. Different gravitational pull on the Moon. D. The complexity of installing master clocks.

3. What’s the advantage of defining the Moon’s independent time? A. Keeping the clocks on the Moon corresponding. B. Preventing spacecraft from losing connection with the Earth. C. Helping humans land on the more distant planets. D. Making it easier to synchronize with UTC all the time.

4. What’s the best title of the text? A. What Time Is It on the Moon? B. When will Man Settle on the Moon? C. Lunar exploration: A Career Bound to Revive D. GNSS: A More Precise Lunar Tracking System

第二节 （共 5 小题：每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In so big a world, it’s easy to sometimes feel alone. Loneliness can strike anyone, anytime, and it’s no fun at all. 16 Participate in school or community events to meet new people. Putting yourself out there is one of the best things you can do when lonely. Join a sports team or take a cooking class. You’ll socialize and have fun—two birds with one stone! Sign up for activities that interest you to meet people with similar hobbies. 17 Don’t be afraid to approach someone first! 18 Sometimes, a comforting shoulder is all you need. Tell a trusted loved one how you feel, or just send a “Hi” to start a chat. Talking about your feelings may seem scary, but it can help you realize you’re not alone. Try saying, “I’ve been feeling lonely lately. Have you ever felt like this?” or “Hey, want to get some ice cream? It’ll cheer me up.” If you have no one to talk to, try

contacting a helpline for anonymous support. Take care of yourself. 19 Eat food that makes you feel good both inside and out. Move your body for at least 30 minutes a day. Do something you enjoy, like walking, hiking, swimming, or dancing. Get at least 7 hours of sleep and stick to a regular sleep schedule. Consider adding meditation (冥想) to your routine to clear your mind. Start a journal. When you feel depressed or lonely, you can challenge these unhealthy and unhelpful thoughts by keeping a journal. Journaling the things you’re grateful for can influence your emotions and activate positive feelings. Try spending at least 20 minutes a day writing in your journal. Just write down whatever comes to mind! 20

A. Reach out to family and friends. B. Help yourself feel better by eating, exercising, and sleeping. C. Your entries don’t have to be long or about anything specific. D. Show interest in what you’re doing and the people around you. E. If you have a hobby that you’ve lost interest in, try picking it up again. F. While it might be universally felt, the reasons why we feel it are different. G. Thankfully, there are ways to deal with it, which are probably simpler than you may think.

第二部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分 30 分)

第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。 For six years as a charge nurse, Nenita Angeles never showed any emotional weakness to her staff nurses. She was known as a 21 when it came to her staff members. They viewed her as a perfectionist and a slave driver ( 监 工). Nenita was always aware of these 22, but she never tried to change her ways. In late 2008, Nenita’s youngest son, just three years old, suffered from Nephrotic Syndrome (肾病综合征) and had to stay at hospital. To her, he was the most person in the

world. Throughout his hospital stay, she was by his side, taking care of his every. It was during this time that she her son’s special affection for the nurses. Each day, her son would 26 share stories with her about how the nurses worked tirelessly to ensure his 27. Listening to her son’s daily tales of the nurses’ 28 and care, Nenita, gradually, began to reflect on her own actions in the past. Unfortunately, Nenita’s son was not able to 29. Shattered (击垮) by the tragic loss, she still managed to return to work one week after the funeral ( 葬 礼). Her staff nurses immediately noticed the change in Nenita’s 30. She no longer shouted at them, and was calmer in her communications. During their weekly meeting, her team members were 31 when she apologized for the rude 32. “The act of 33 is very inspiring,” Nenita said. “I cannot thank them enough for still remaining on my team despite everything. I am so grateful that I have these people because they 34 my apologies quickly.” Gratitude should be a part of our daily routine because these people who coexist with us make the 35 of our tasks much lighter.

21. A. winner B. caretaker C. partner D. terror 22. A. comments B. praises C. promises D. gestures 23. A. interesting B. hardworking C. exciting D. precious 24. A. duty B. need C. patient D. visitor 25. A. feared B. heard C. noticed D. believed 26. A. carefully B. excitedly C. disappointingly D. skillfully 27. A. comfort B. celebration C. experience D. fortune 28. A. courage B. kindness C. spirit D. honor 29. A. make out B. keep up C. get along D. pull through 30. A. decision B. aim C. attitude D. intention 31. A. surprised B. worried C. pleased D. embarrassed 32. A. story B. treatment C. life D. relationship 33. A. volunteering B. sharing C. offering D. apologizing 34. A. refused B. expected C. accepted D. avoided 35. A. burden B. impact C. purpose D. request

第二节 （共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As 36 (teenager), you have many dreams. These dreams can be very big, such as winning the Nobel Prize, or they can be small. For example, you may just want to become the best student in your class. Once you find a dream, what do you do with 37? Have you ever tried to make your dream come true? Andrew Mathews, 38 Australian writer, tells us that making our dreams come true is the 39 (challenge) thing in our life. You may think you’re not very good at some

|school subjects|40|it is impossible for you to become a writer. These kinds of thoughts| |(想法) stop you|41|(realize) your dreams. In fact, everyone can realize his dream. Keep| |telling yourself|42|you want. Do this step|

43 step and your dream will come true earlier because a big dream 44 (make) up of many small dreams. You must never give up (放弃) your dreams too. There will be many difficulties on the road to your dreams. But the biggest one comes from 45 (you). You need to decide what is the most important.

第三部分 写作 (共两节，满分 40 分)

第一节 书面表达 (满分 15 分)

1. 假定你是李华，你的留学生朋友 Mark 邀请你周日一起去科技馆，但你因故无法前往， 请你给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：

2. 表示歉意;

3. 说明原因;

4. 解决方案。 注意：

5. 写作词数应为 80 左右;

6. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

Dear Mark, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua

第二节 读后续写（满分 25 分）

1. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 I woke up with a start and looked at the clock in front of me—5:00 am. The whole night I had been dreaming and planning various things I wanted to do. After all, it was my 16th birthday! Yesterday, none of my family had shown any sign to indicate that they’d remembered the fact that my birthday was only 24 hours away. They might have been planning a surprise for me! I raced downstairs. “Well, you’re up early,” my dad said, his eyes fixed upon the newspaper. My mother, who was cooking breakfast, paid me no attention. “Have they forgotten about me?” I wondered. “No, they would never do that.” “Mama, I was wondering if you could cook me some pancakes,” I said in a cheerful tone. “Jessie, I am in a hurry today. I am afraid I don’t have time to make you pancakes,” my mother said. None of them seemed to be aware of my special day. At least for my sake, they could’ve given it some importance. And none of my brothers seemed to be interested in my birthday either. I felt a bit down. For months we had been planning events for my birthday—shopping,

games, decorations and so much more—but now, they all seemed to have forgotten about my birthday. Lunch was boring, with nothing special cooked for my special day. Everyone sat talking about random (随意的) things, not once mentioning my birthday. Disappointed, I climbed up the stairs to my room and lay down in bed. Suddenly, Mom called out to me. I dashed ( 急 奔) towards her, hoping to hear something cheerful. But my optimism ( 乐 观) disappeared when she said, “Me, your dad and your brothers are attending a dinner. Since you woke up early, we thought you might need some sleep. If you feel hungry, there’s food in the fridge. Call if you need help. Bye, and be a good girl.” 注意：

1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 They all waved goodbye one by one, leaving me alone in the house. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ “Surprise!” a lot of voices called out. ____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

【天津专属】单项选择（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）

从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. —I got the first prize in the English speaking contest! —________! I knew you could do it. A. Good luck B. Congratulations C. It doesn’t matter D. That’s all right

2. His face seems ________ to me, but I cannot remember where I have seen him. A. familiar B. likely C. ordinary D. unique

3. I took your umbrella ________ this morning. I’m really sorry about that. A. on purpose B. by mistake C. in time D. at once

4. These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, ________ feed on insects that can harm the rice crops. A. some of which B. some of them C. some of that D. some of those

5. You ________ water the plants today. I’ve already done it for you. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t

6. You had better ______ late at night. It’s dangerous. A. not to play B. not play C. not playing D. not being played

7. The flat terraces catch the rainwater and ________ the soil ________ being washed away. A. prevent; from B. refer; to C. connect; with D. save; at

8. —The manager is away on business this week. —Great. ______. We can have a small party after work. A. You can kill two birds with one stone B. Hold your horses C. When the cat’s away, the mice will play D. It’s raining cats and dogs

9. You and I ________ never be a Mozart or a Newton, but there are lots of things we ________ do to bring beauty or joy to the world. A. may; can B. can; may C. must; can D. might; could

10. I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. that D. why

11. — Our new teacher speaks English fluently! — Yeah, she ________ English in Oxford University for four years when she was in Britain! A. studied B. has studied C. was studying D. had studied

12. I shall never forget the days ______ I spent in Peking University, ______ has a great effect on my life. A. when; which B. which; which C. when; that D. that; that

13. When I entered the room, I found Mary seated quietly on the sofa, with her eyes ________ on the smartphone.

A. concentrating B. concentrated C. to concentrate D. to be concentrated 61. The most common natural source ________ natural dyes come is plants. A. from which 62. Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ________ too much at the party last night. B. of which C. by which D. to which A. must drink B. should drink C. must have drunk D. should have drunk

【天津专属】阅读表达（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）

阅读下列短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 “I don’t like it,” my daughter said, spitting her spinach ( 菠 菜) onto her plate. “I want nuggets ( 炸 鸡 块).” Determined not to give in to picky eating, I stayed firm. Unhealthy food, I believed, should be for special occasions. “Mommy worked hard to make you a nutritious (有营养 的) meal. Please eat it.” I begged, exhausted after her fourth refusal this week. “No!” she shouted, tossing her food on the floor. “My friends get whatever they want for dinner. I hate you!” I felt like a failure as a parent. Taking a deep breath, I gave her a serious look. “Come on, you know the rule.” “Yes, I should try everything three times,” she replied, rolling her eyes. “That’s right,” I said kindly. “So two more bites.” My mother had a rule: try every food three times. The first time to try it, the second to get over the first reaction, and the third to see if you really didn’t like it. If I still hated it, she wouldn’t make me eat it again. This approach worked for me, except with liver and bananas. I used the same rule with my daughter. A smile appeared on my face as I watched her swallow her second bite of spinach and then open her mouth for the third. She ate her final bite, and my thoughts wandered to how the “three times rule” had impacted my life. This rule gave me the courage to face fears, from public speaking to career changes. My life has been fuller because of it. If I hadn’t tried everything three times, I wouldn’t be a writer today. After two rejections, I tried a third time and have been happily writing ever since. My daughter, once a picky eater, is now a vegetarian who loves spinach.

1. Why did the author insist on her daughter eating spinach? (no more than 10 words)

2. What can the underlined word “tossing” in Paragraph Two be replaced by? (One word)

3. What was the mother’s rule for trying new food? (no more than 5 words)

4. How did the “three times rule” affect the author’s life? (no more than 15 words)

5. How do you find trying new things in life? Why? (no more than 20 words) 【北京专属】阅读表达（共 4 小题；第 68、69 题各 2 分，第 70 题 3 分，第 71 题 5 分，满分 12 分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 A child excitedly opens a present, but after seeing the toy, she shifts her focus to the wrapping paper, box, or ribbon (丝带). She might place the box on her head or tie the ribbon to a table leg. This is open-ended play, where children use everyday objects in creative, unstructured ways. It’s child-directed, with no set outcome. Research shows open-ended play is beneficial in sometimes surprising ways. Open-ended play starts with the objects children play with. Unlike electronic toys or movie-based toys, open-ended toys—often called “loose parts”—give children the room to do something new. Loose parts can include egg holders, seashells, or cardboard boxes and other common objects. They are the basis for imaginative play that helps children become more creative. When a child picks up a stick and imagines it as a horse or telescope, she is exercising the ability to create and to think for herself. Each step in the process of free play is valuable. The process begins with choosing an object, then transforming ( 转 变) it in her imagination into something new with its own purpose. Manufactured (制造的) toys do not give the mind the same freedom to imagine as do common objects that do not come with expectations or history. Obviously, adult-directed activities are more controlled and more predictable, and often shield children from making mistakes. Open-ended play allows children to follow their interests and to make mistakes. With parents playing a more passive role, children are responsible for these mistakes. This allows for more chances to solve problems and creates opportunities for children to be successful, building confidence in their ability to reason.

The reality of modern life is that much of children’s lives will be structured. But it does not all have to be. When parents, teachers, and caregivers take a step back, they open the door wider for children to create and learn.

1. What is open-ended play?

2. Why are open-ended toys called “loose parts”?

3. What is the benefit of children imagining a stick as a horse?

4. What is the main idea of this passage? 【上海专属】翻译（共 4 小题；第 1 小题和第 2 小题，每题 3 分；第 3 题 4 分； 第 4 题 5 分，满分 15 分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

5. 我们应该采取措施防止青少年沉迷于手机游戏。(prevent)(汉译英)

6. 他于 1999 年创办这一慈善机构以纪念他已故的妻子。(memory)(汉译英)

7. 这个花园受损严重，这些修复师需要 1 年才能恢复它的昔日辉煌。(restore)(汉译英)

8. 尽管全世界成人礼的传统因文化而异，但它们都有一个共同的主题，标志着一个人从童 年向成年的转变。(vary)(汉译英)

   【上海专属】选词填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. adopter B. alarm C. annoying D. controlling E. economically F. feature G. frequently H. normal I. savings J. shifted K. spotted

Is the Smart Home a Smart Choice?

Depending on your perspective, my Brooklyn apartment is either a technological marvel or a confusing maze of digital assistants and unnecessary remote-control integration. For me, adjusting the living room temperature is as simple as saying, “Hey Siri, set living room to 72 ℉.” To my wife, however, it is a(n) 76 process involving apps and Wi-Fi. I spent around $2,000 on this home technology, 77 everything via a single app or my voice. As I don’t live alone, I’ve also installed conventional wall switches and a universal remote for the TV. This allows family visitors to operate things the “ 78 ” way: dialing a desired temperature on the thermostat ( 恒 温 器), flicking the lights on, and pressing the “on” button to watch news. Commercials promise a future of effortless control and entertainment at our fingertips or voice command. Yet, after four years in a smart home, my initial feeling of empowerment has 79 into dependence, mixed with anxiety. My smart thermostat promised 80 by adjusting temperatures only when necessary. However, I have observed no change in my electrical bills since its installation. It even alters temperatures randomly based on a learning algorithm that can’t make sense. Then there are the alarming security camera alerts. One night, while I was working late, my phone buzzed with an alert: “Person 81 in the living room.” I crazily checked the camera with its night vision on, but it revealed nothing; it was a false 82. Furthermore, while my smoke alarms can activate lights and call emergency services during a fire, their most practical function for me is the ability to turn them off. This is essential, as I enjoy frying food in cast iron, an activity that 83 triggers the alarm—a common experience for any New Yorker cooking a steak. As an early 84 eager to command devices by voice, I’ve realized that connecting every device to the Internet can be frightening. Despite the frustrations and the seeming irreversibility of this trend, a crucial comfort remains: most of these devices still keep their most important —a simple on and off switch.

【上海专属】概要写作（共 1 小题，满分 10 分）

1. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

   What You Should Know about Chilies

What can be both red or green, round or sharp, big or small, and more importantly, loved or hated by someone? Yes, the answer is chilies. Many of us in China enjoy adding chilies to our food, but did you know that this spicy vegetable could also be dangerous? A 34-year-old US man recently ended up in hospital after eating a Carolina Reaper, the spiciest chili in the world. After taking just a single bite of one, the man suffered from “thunderclap” headaches in the following few days, reported BBC News. In fact, reports of stomachache and headache caused by eating spicy food are not something unusual. But if chilies are harmful, why is it that human beings are the only animals to eat this vegetable? According to the website Huanqiu, about 600 million Chinese people-almost half of the national population—are chili eaters. So what makes people love chilies so much? The human body reacts to the burning sensation that comes from eating chilies by releasing endorphins, natural chemicals that “produce a sense of happiness”. And the benefits go even further than just personal enjoyment. A survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences found that the mortality rate ( 死 亡 率) of those who eat spicy food once or twice a week is 10 percent lower than those who eat it less than once a week. The number decreased to 14 percent for those who eat spicy food six to seven times a week. And another study done by the University of Vermont came to a similar conclusion. “The data encourages people to eat more spicy food to improve health and reduce death risk at an early age.” Capsaicin ( 辣椒素) has anti-cancer properties and the ability to increase our metabolism. So, don’t worry if you love spicy food. It seems that chilies are actually good for us-except for the Carolina Reaper, perhaps. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

参考

答案与解析

1. D 2. A 3. B

解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三个适合年轻人的心理健康网站。 1. 细节理解题。根据 YoungMinds 部分“There is even a YoungMinds online store where you can buy fun clothing, postcards, and prints. (甚至还有一个 YoungMinds 网上商店，在那里你可以买 到有趣的衣服、明信片和印刷品)”可知，YoungMinds 的特别之处在于它在网上销售各种各 样的商品。故选 D。 2. 细节理解题。根据 TeenHelp 部分“The great thing about TeenHelp is that it is not only for teenagers but parents, too. It includes a particular column for parents to find online resources, like how to choose a psychologist. (TeenHelp 的伟大之处在于，它不仅适合青少年，也适合父母。 它包括一个专门的专栏，供父母寻找在线资源，比如如何选择心理医生)”和 YoungMinds 部 分 “Please choose whether you are a parent, you work with young people, or you are a young person yourself. (请选择你是否为人父母，你与年轻人一起工作，或者你自己就是一个年轻人)” 以及 ReachOut 部分“ReachOut offers something for everyone, whether you’re a young person looking for help or a parent. (ReachOut 为每个人提供了一些东西，无论你是寻求帮助的年轻人 还是父母)”可知，这三个网站的共同之处在于它们都欢迎青少年和家长。故选 A。 3. 推理判断题。根据第一段“So whether you’re in your youth or you want to help someone you love, these are some of the best mental health websites for young people. (所以，无论你是年轻人 还是想帮助你爱的人，这些都是适合年轻人的最好的心理健康网站)”可知，这篇文章就是介 绍一些心理健康网站，写作目的为告知。故选 B。 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C

解析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了风暴追逐者刘屹靖。 4. 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 一 段 “In 2018, when playing with an old camera at home, Liu accidentally took dozens of pictures of lightning. He posted them online and received many likes, arousing his great interest in shooting storms. (2018 年，刘某在家里玩旧相机时，不小心拍下了 几十张闪电的照片。他把这些照片发到网上，得到了很多人的点赞，引起了他对拍摄风暴的 极大兴趣)”可知，他的照片的流行促使刘拍摄风暴。故选 D。 5. 主 旨 大 意 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 二 段 “But it’s never easy to shoot amazing pictures about

ever-changing storms. Every time, Liu needs to find an area where storms could appear and then mark the best shooting positions, which often cover dozens of kilometers. Then, he’ll find a reliable driver and carry his photographic equipment and food to wait for the storm. For shooting high-quality storms, he always sticks with it to the end and often lands himself in danger of being attacked by hails (冰雹) and pouring rains. (但要拍出千变万化的风暴，绝非易事。每次，刘都 需要找到一个可能出现风暴的区域，然后标出最佳的拍摄位置，这些位置通常会覆盖几十公 里。然后，他会找到一个可靠的司机，带上摄影器材和食物，等待风暴的到来。为了拍摄高 质量的风暴，他总是坚持到底，经常会被冰雹和倾盆大雨袭击)”可知，第二段主要介绍了刘 在拍摄高质量风暴方面的努力。故选 B。

1. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The farmer’s words hit him as hard as any thunderstorm. ‘I just wanted to shoot the storm, but I never thought that what I like is a disaster for others,’ Liu said. ‘I felt guilty and decided to do something to help more people learn about meteorology (气象学).’ (农夫的话对他的打击像雷雨一样大。‘我只是想拍风暴，但我从来没有想过我喜欢的东西对 别人来说是一场灾难，’刘说。‘我感到内疚，决定做点什么来帮助更多人了解气象学。’)”和 文 章 最 后 一 段“Now Liu makes and posts short videos with explanations about the phenomena and the possible dangers of storms. (现在，刘制作并发布了简短的视频，解释了风暴的现象和 可能的危险)”可知，农民的话让他选择传播知识。故选 A。
2. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“For example, to warn people of the danger of possible hails, he marked hail cores, which often show noticeable blue colors due to large amounts of thick raindrops in the cloud, because water molecules absorb red light and scatter blue light. (例如，为 了警告人们可能有冰雹的危险，他标记了雹核。由于云层中有大量的厚雨滴，所以通常显示 出明显的蓝色，因为水分子吸收红光，散射蓝光)”可知，作者在最后一段提到了冰雹核，以 说明刘是如何帮助人们理解风暴的。故选 C。
3. C 9. A 10. B 11. C

解析：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过早新闻了解到人类和野生动物共存的问题以及作者对 这一问题的看法。 8. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But I became fully attentive on a recent morning once I realized the entire newscast was dedicated to local wildlife. (但在最近的一个早晨，当我意识到 整个新闻节目都是关于当地野生动物的，我就全神贯注了)”和第二段“There was something

about the pack of some 30 to 50 javelinas (野猪) that ruined a golf course near Sedona, Arizona, followed by talk of the recent sighting of a jaguar (美洲虎), a species that ranged across Arizona and Sonora, Mexico, until construction of the border wall blocked the way. Finally, there was an update on Mexican wolf reintroduction efforts in New Mexico and Arizona. The results were mixed: Nine of the wolves had died or been killed recently. (一群大约有 30 到 50 只的野猪毁坏 了亚利桑那州塞多纳附近的一个高尔夫球场，接着是最近看到美洲虎的传闻，这种物种在亚 利桑那州和墨西哥索诺拉之间活动，直到修建边境墙挡住了道路。最后，在新墨西哥州和亚 利桑那州重新引入墨西哥狼的努力有了最新进展。结果喜忧参半:其中 9 只狼已经死亡或最 近被杀)”可知，作者听到的早间新闻涉及到人类与野生动物共存的问题。故选 C。

1. 细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“The way I saw it, the javelinas weren’t invading (入侵) the site; they were reclaiming it. After all, the javelinas’ needs—for food and space—are more basic than a few privileged humans’ desire to play golf. (在我看来，野猪并没有入侵这个球场；他们 正在收回它。毕竟，野猪对食物和空间的需求比少数特权阶层打高尔夫球的欲望更基本)”可 知，野猪摧毁高尔夫球场是为了满足它们的基本需求。故选 A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段的最后两句“Today, almost 250 Mexican wolves are believed to be in the wild, and every year, humans illegally kill one out of ten. The wolf recovery effort is necessary, but it’s extremely difficult because we humans keep getting in the way. (今天，大约有 250 只墨西哥狼被认为生活在野外，每年，人类非法杀死十分之一的狼。狼的恢复工作是必 要的，但这是非常困难的，因为我们人类一直在挡道)”可知，人类威胁着墨西哥狼的生存。 故选 B。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“Therefore, I think that it must be a good sign that my local news now regularly covers the challenges of coexistence and possible solutions to our problems. That’s progress and fuels my hope. (因此，我认为，我的地方新闻现在经常报道共存 的挑战和我们问题的可能解决办法，这一定是一个好的迹象。这就是进步，激发了我的希望)” 可以推论出，作者对最后一段提到的挑战持乐观的态度。故选 C。
4. D 13. C 14. A 15. A

解析：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是设定月球时间的必要性和挑战以及设定月球时间 的方案。 12. 主 旨 大 意 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 “The approach works when the Moon hosts a handful of

independent missions, but it will be a problem when there are multiple craft working together. Space agencies will also want to track them using satellite navigation, which relies on precise timing signals. (当月球承载少数独立任务时，这种方法是有效的，但是当有多个飞船一起工 作时，这将是一个问题。航天机构还希望使用卫星导航来跟踪它们，这依赖于精确的计时信 号)”可知，当多个飞船共同工作时，当前的月球计时方法就出现问题，而且航天机构依赖精 确的时间来跟踪飞船，这月球计时会产生很多问题。因此本段介绍当前月球计时方法存在的 问题。故选 D。

1. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Defining lunar time is not simple. According to the Special Theory of Relativity, clocks tick more slowly in stronger gravitational fields. The Moon’s gravitational pull is weaker than Earth’s, meaning a lunar clock would run faster than an Earth one. (设定月球 时间并不简单。根据狭义相对论，时钟在更强的引力场中走得更慢。月球的引力比地球的弱， 这意味着月球时钟会比地球时钟跑得快)”可知，设定月球时间的障碍是月球上的引力。故选 C。
2. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The alternative would be to use the synthesized (同步) output of the lunar atomic clocks as the Moon’s own independent, continuous time, and to track its relationship to UTC. That way, even if the connection with Earth is lost, clocks on the Moon will still agree with each other, allowing safe navigation and communications. (另一种方法是使用月 球原子钟的同步输出作为月球自己独立的连续时间，并跟踪其与 UTC 的关系。这样，即使 月球与地球失去了联系，月球上的时钟仍然会彼此一致，从而实现安全的航行和通信)”可知， 设定月球独立的时间后，即使失去与地球联系，月球上的时间始终是保持一致。故选 A。
3. 主旨大意题。根据首段“With lunar exploration rocketing, it poses many challenges. Among them is a fundamental question metrologists (计量学家) worldwide are working to answer: what time is it on the Moon? (月球探测火箭带来了许多挑战。其中有一个基本问题是世界各地的计 量学家正在努力回答：月球上现在是几点？)”以及下文中分析设定月球时间的必要性和挑战 以及方案可知，本文主要是围绕着设定独立月球时间展开，因此 A 项“月球上几点了”与主 题内容吻合。故选 A。
4. G 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. C

解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些摆脱孤独感的方法。 16. 考查段尾空。考查前文“In so big a world, it’s easy to sometimes feel alone. Loneliness can

strike anyone, anytime, and it’s no fun at all. (在这么大的世界里，有时很容易感到孤独。孤独 可以随时袭击任何人，而且一点也不好玩)”提到孤独感的普遍性，后文的段落具体介绍了摆 脱孤独感的一些方法，空处应该与提出建议有关。因此 G 项“Thankfully, there are ways to deal with it, which are probably simpler than you may think. (值得庆幸的是，有一些方法可以处理它， 这些方法可能比你想象的要简单)”符合语境，引出处理孤独感的方法，起到过渡作用，其中 的 it 指代前文的 Loneliness。故选 G。

1. 考查段中空。前文“Sign up for activities that interest you to meet people with similar hobbies. (参加你感兴趣的活动，结识有相似爱好的人)”建议去参加自己感兴趣的活动，后文“Don’t be afraid to approach someone first! (不要害怕先接近别人)”提到在活动上应主动接近他人，空处 应该也与活动上应有的表现或行为有关。因此 D 项“Show interest in what you’re doing and the people around you. (对你正在做的事情和周围的人表现出兴趣)”符合语境，提到要对活动和人 感兴趣，承前启后。故选 D。
2. 考查小标题。后文“Sometimes, a comforting shoulder is all you need. Tell a trusted loved one how you feel, or just send a “Hi” to start a chat. Talking about your feelings may seem scary, but it can help you realize you’re not alone. (有时候，一个安慰的肩膀就是你所需要的。告诉一个值 得信任的所爱的人你的感受，或者只是发一个“嗨”来开始聊天。谈论你的感受可能看起来很 可怕，但它可以帮助你意识到你并不孤单)”主要建议在孤单的时候寻求他人的安慰，谈论自 己的感受，空处是段落标题，需和其他段落标题一样使用祈使句的形式，应该与向别人寻求 温暖或帮助相关。因此 A 项“Reach out to family and friends. (向家人和朋友求助)”符合语境， 建议去求助，契合后文内容。故选 A。
3. 考查段首空。后文“Eat food that makes you feel good both inside and out. Move your body for at least 30 minutes a day. Do something you enjoy, like walking, hiking, swimming, or dancing. Get at least 7 hours of sleep and stick to a regular sleep schedule. (吃能让你里里外外都感觉良 好的食物。每天至少运动 30 分钟。做一些你喜欢的事情，比如散步、远足、游泳或跳舞。 保证至少 7 个小时的睡眠，并坚持有规律的睡眠时间表)”从饮食、锻炼和睡眠方面举例说明 应该做哪些照顾自己的事情，空处是段首句，应该是总的指出照顾自己的方法。因此 B 项 “Help yourself feel better by eating, exercising, and sleeping. (通过饮食、锻炼和睡眠让自己感 觉更好)”符合语境，后文是对其解释说明。故选 B。
4. 考查段尾空。前文“Just write down whatever comes to mind! (只要写下你想到的任何东西)” 提到日记的内容不受限，空处应该会进一步描述可以写的东西。因此 C 项“Your entries don’t

have to be long or about anything specific. (你的记录不必很长，也不必有任何具体的内容)”符 合语境，提到不必在意内容的长度和具体程度，承接前文。故选 C。

1. D 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. D
2. C 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A

解析：本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了一位名叫 Nenita Angeles 的护士长如何在孩子 出生后改变对同事的态度，并从中学会了感恩和改变风格的故事。 21. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当涉及到她的员工时，她被认为是一个可怕的人。A. winner 获胜者；成功者；B. caretaker 看护者；C. partner 伙伴；同伙；D. terror 可怕的人；恐怖。根 据空前“For six years as a charge nurse, Nenita Angeles never showed any emotional weakness to her staff nurses.” 以及空后“They viewed her as a perfectionist and a slave driver ( 监工).”可知 Nenita Angeles 对工作要求极高、对员工要求严格的苛刻态度，让员工感到极大的压力，terror 此处为抽象名词具体化，指的是可怕的人，故选 D。 22. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Nenita 总是意识到这些评论，但她从来没有试图改变自己的 方式。A. comments 评论；意见；B. praises 表扬；称赞；C. promises 承诺；D. gestures 姿势； 表示。根据前文“They viewed her as a perfectionist and a slave driver (监工).”可知此处指的是 员工们对于她的看法，故选 A。 23. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对她来说，他是世界上最重要的人。A. interesting 有趣的； B. hardworking 刻苦的；不辞辛劳的；C. exciting 令人激动的；D. precious 宝贵的；值得珍视 的。根据空前“In late 2008, Nenita’s youngest son, just three years old, suffered from Nephrotic Syndrome (肾病综合征) and had to stay at hospital. To her, he was the most”以及空后“person in the world”可知此处指的是儿子是 Nenita 最重视的人，故选 D。 24. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他住院期间，她一直在他身边，照顾他的一切需要。A. duty 职责；义务；B. need 需求；需要；C. patient 病人；D. visitor 游客。根据空前“Throughout his hospital stay, she was by his side, taking care of his every” 可 知 此 处指 的 是 在 儿 子住 院 期 间 Nenita 负责照料儿子的一切需要，故选 B。 25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：正是在这段时间里，她注意到儿子对护士的特殊感情。A. feared 感到害怕；畏惧；B. heard 听到；C. noticed 注意到；D. believed 相信。根据空后“her son’s special affection for the nurses. Each day, her son would _______ share stories with her about how the nurses worked tirelessly to ensure his _______ .”可知儿子经常与她分享和护士之间的一些事

情，所以通过这些分享她注意到了儿子对于护士的情感，故选 C。

1. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：每天，她的儿子都会兴奋地和她分享护士们如何不知疲倦地 工作以确保他的舒适。A. carefully 仔细地；小心地；B. excitedly 激动地；C. disappointingly 令人失望地；D. skillfully 巧妙地；精巧地。根据空后“share stories with her about how the nurses worked tirelessly to ensure his _______. Listening to her son’s daily tales of the nurses’ _______ and care,”以及上文“her son’s special affection for the nurses.”可知儿子在同她分享护士的故事 时是非常激动的，故选 B。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天，她的儿子都会兴奋地和她分享护士们如何不知疲倦地 工作以确保他的舒适。A. comfort 舒服；舒适；B. celebration 庆祝；C. experience 经历；经 验；D. fortune 幸运；运气；财富。根据空前“how the nurses worked tirelessly to ensure his”可 知此处指的是护士不厌其烦地照顾儿子的目的是为了让儿子更舒服，故选 A。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：听着儿子每天讲述的护士们的善良和照顾，Nenita 渐渐地开 始反思自己过去的行为。A. courage 勇气；B. kindness 好心；善良；C. spirit 精神；勇气；灵 魂；D. honor 尊敬；荣誉。根据上文“how the nurses worked tirelessly to ensure his ________” 以及空后“and care”可知此处指的是护士们在护理儿子时所表现出来的善良，故选 B。
4. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：不幸地是，Nenita 的儿子没能挺过来。A. make out 看清；听 清；分清；B. keep up 保持；保养；（使）不倒下；C. get along 进展；相处；D. pull through 恢复健康；精神状况转好。根据空前“Unfortunately, Nenita’s son was not able to”以及空后 “Shattered (击垮) by the tragic loss, she still managed to return to work one week after the funeral (葬礼).”可知 Nenita 的儿子最终还是没有能活下来，故选 D。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：护士们立刻注意到了 Nenita 态度的变化。A. decision 决定； 果断；B. aim 目的；目标；C. attitude 态度；D. intention 目的；意图。根据后文“She no longer shouted at them, and was calmer in her communications. During their weekly meeting, her team members were ________ when she apologized for the rude ________ .”可知 Nenita 对于员工的 态度发生了转变，故选 C。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在每周例会上，当她为自己的无礼行为道歉时，她的团队 成员都很惊讶。A. surprised 感到吃惊的；B. worried 担心的；担忧的；C. pleased 开心的； 高兴的；D. embarrassed 感到尴尬的。根据空后“when she apologized for the rude ________.” 以及前文“For six years as a charge nurse, Nenita Angeles never showed any emotional weakness to her staff nurses.”可知与以往对员工的苛刻态度相比，Nenita 的态度发生了明显的变化，所

以这让员工们很是惊讶，故选 A。

1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每周例会上，当她为自己的无礼行为道歉时，她的团队成 员都很惊讶。A. story 故事；经历；B. treatment 招待；对待；治疗；C. life 生命；D. relationship 关系 。根 据上文 “For six years as a charge nurse, Nenita Angeles never showed any emotional weakness to her staff nurses.”以及“They viewed her as a perfectionist and a slave driver (监工). Nenita was always aware of these ________, but she never tried to change her ways.”可知此处 指的是 Nenita 对待员工的方式，故选 B。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“道歉的行为非常鼓舞人心，”Nenita 说。A. volunteering 自 愿效劳；B. sharing 分享；C. offering 提供；D. apologizing 道歉。根据前文“During their weekly meeting, her team members were ________ when she apologized for the rude ________ .”可知此 处指的是 Nenita 的道歉行为让员工们非常受鼓舞，故选 D。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很感激这些人，因为他们很快就接受了我的道歉。A. refused 拒绝；B. expected 期盼；C. accepted 接受；D. avoided 避免。根据空前“I am so grateful that I have these people because they”以及空后 “my apologies quickly.”可知此处指的是员工们接受 了 Nenitade 的道歉，故选 C。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：感恩应该成为我们日常生活的一部分，因为这些与我们共存 的人使我们的任务负担减轻了很多。A. burden 负担；B. impact 影响；C. purpose 目的；D. request 要求；请求。根据空前的“these people who coexist with us make the”以及空后“of our tasks much lighter.”可知与我们共存的人让我们的任务负担减轻了很多，故选 A。
5. teenagers 37. it 38. an 39. most challenging 40. or 41. realizing 42. what 43. by 44. is made 45. yourself

解析：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作为青少年，每个人都会有自己的梦想，第一 件事就是记住你的梦想，不要受到消极思想的影响，告诉自己想要什么，一步一步坚持不懈 地实现它。 36. 考查名词的复数形式。句意：作为一个青少年，你有很多梦想。teenager 为可数名词“青 少年”，空处需要该名词的复数形式表示泛指。故填 teenagers。 37. 考查代词。句意：一旦你找到了一个梦想，你会怎么做？空处需要代词 it 来指代前面提 到的 a dream，作介词的宾语。故填 it。 38. 考查冠词。句意：澳大利亚作家安德鲁·马修斯告诉我们，实现我们的梦想是我们生活

中最具挑战性的事情。空处需要不定冠词表示泛指“一个澳大利亚的作家”，且空后为元音音 素开始的单词，所以用不定冠词 an。故填 an。

1. 考查形容词的最高级。句意：澳大利亚作家安德鲁·马修斯告诉我们，实现我们的梦想 是我们生活中最具挑战性的事情。根据空前的 the 以及 in our life 可知，此处指生活中最有 挑战性的事情，所以用形容词的最高级。故填 most challenging。
2. 考查连词。句意：你可能认为你在某些学校科目上不够好，或者你不可能成为一名作家。 空处需要连词连接两个并列的宾语从句，表示选择，所以用连词 or“或者”。故填 or。
3. 考查动名词。句意：这些想法阻止你实现你的梦想。stop sb. (from) doing sth.“阻止某人 做某事”，空处需要动名词作宾语。故填 realizing。
4. 考查宾语从句。句意：不断告诉自己你想要什么。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语， 表示“……的事情”，所以用连词代词 what 引导该从句。故填 what。
5. 考查介词。句意：一步一步地做，你的梦想将会更早实现，因为一个大的梦想是由许多 小的梦想组成的。step by step“一步一步地”，为固定搭配。故填 by。
6. 考查时态语态。句意：一步一步地做，你的梦想将会更早实现，因为一个大的梦想是由 许多小的梦想组成的。be made up of“由……组成”，为固定搭配。此句话描述一般事实，所 以用一般现在时态，主语为第三人称单数形式。故填 is made。
7. 考查反身代词。句意：但最大的障碍来自于你自己。此处表示“来自你自己的困难”，所 以此处用反身代词 yourself“你自己”。故填 yourself。
8. 【参考范文】 Dear Mark, I am truly grateful that you invited me to accompany you to the science museum this Sunday. However, I feel terribly sorry to tell you that I can’t because the arrangement conflicts with our weekly oral English group activity. Since the beginning of this term, my group members have promised to improve our spoken English every Sunday afternoon in our extracurricular time. Thus, it would be embarrassing to miss it. If we go to the science museum next Saturday, would that suit you? My sincerest apologies again for the inconvenience. Hope you can accept my rearrangement. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours,

Li Hua

1. 【参考范文】 They all waved goodbye one by one, leaving me alone in the house. I ran to my room and closed the door, crying myself to sleep. Suddenly, I heard something. I observed my surroundings, but there was nothing unusual in my bedroom. I jumped out of my bed, sure that someone was there in the house. “I… I’ve already called the police. You can’t escape!” I shouted. I knew that my threat sounded useless and worthless, but I had to give it a try. With all my courage, I opened the door. “Surprise!” a lot of voices called out. Trying to find out what was happening, I looked around. All my friends, my parents and my brothers came inside the room, holding my birthday cake. I felt so overwhelmed and began to cry. “Oh, I thought you all had forgotten,” I said, fighting back tears. “Not as long as I am alive,” came the voice of a lady. Someone was standing at the door—it was my grandmother! I rushed to her and gave her a hug. That was the best birthday of my life!
2. B 49. A 50. B 51. A 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. C
3. A 57. B 58. A 59. B 60. B 61. A 62. C 48.

解析：考查情景交际。句意：——我在英语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖！——祝贺！我 知道你能做到的。A. Good luck 祝你好运；B. Congratulations 祝贺；C. It doesn’t matter 没事； D. That’s all right 没关系。根据上文“I got the first prize in the English speaking contest!”可知， 祝贺对方比赛获得一等奖，用 Congratulations。故选 B。 49.

解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的脸我看着很熟悉，但我记不起在哪里见过他 了。A.familiar 熟悉的；B.likely 可能的；C.ordinary 普通的；D.unique 独特的。由语意可知， 后半句表示记不起见过对方的地点，前半句应是表达对对方的脸有印象、看着熟悉，familiar 能准确体现“熟悉的”这一语义，且“seem familiar to sb”为固定搭配，意为“某人看起来熟悉”。 故选 A。 50.

解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：今天早上我错拿了你的雨伞，对此我感到非常抱歉。 A. on purpose 故意地；B. by mistake 错误地、无意中；C. in time 及时；D. at once 立刻、马 上。根据后文“I’m really sorry about that(对此我感到非常抱歉)”可知，说话人是无意之中拿错

了对方的雨伞，B 选项符合句意。故选 B。

51.

解析：考查定语从句。句意：这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了理想的生存环境，其中 一些以会危害水稻作物的昆虫为食。两部分之间没有连词或分号，因此空处需填入能引导从 句的连接成分，“代词+of+关系代词”的结构可引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词 birds and fish 作补充说明，先行词指物，作介词 of 的宾语，因此关系代词应用 which。故选 A。 52.

解析：考查情态动词。句意：你今天不必给植物浇水了。我已经帮你浇过了。A. can’t 不能；B. mustn’t 禁止；C. needn’t 不必；D. shouldn’t 不应该。结合“I’ve already done it for you” 可知，空格处应表达“不必”，因为说话者已经浇过水了，所以对方不需要再浇，用 needn’t。 故选 C。 53.

解析：考查固定搭配。句意：你最好晚上不要在外面玩太晚。太危险了。had better 是 固定短语，意为“最好”，其后接动词原形，其否定形式为“had better not do sth.”，表示“最好 不要做某事”，所以此处应用“not play”，故选 B。 54.

解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：平整的梯田储存雨水，防止土壤被冲走。A. prevent; from 阻止……做……；B. refer; to 参考，提及；C. connect; with 把……和……联系起来；D. save; at 搭配错误，无此固定短语。根据句意和“The flat terraces catch the rainwater”可知，这 里指梯田可以防止土壤被冲走，prevent; from 符合语境。故选 A。 55.

解析：考查谚语辨析。句意：——经理这周出差去了。——太棒了。山中无老虎，猴 子称大王。我们下班后可以开个小派对。A. You can kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟， 一举两得；B. Hold your horses 耐心点儿，别着急；C. When the cat’s away, the mice will play 山中无老虎，猴子称大王；D. It’s raining cats and dogs 倾盆大雨。根据上文“The manager is away on business this week.”以及后文“We can have a small party after work.”可知，经理不在， 大家就可以放松一下，下班后开个小派对，C 选项“山中无老虎，猴子称大王”符合语境。故 选 C。 56.

解析：考查情态动词。句意：你和我可能永远不会成为莫扎特或牛顿，但我们可以做 很多事情来给世界带来美丽或欢乐。第一空表示对现在或将来情况的推测，指我们可能不会 成为像莫扎特或牛顿这样出名的人，所以应用 may 表示“可能”。第二空表示“能力”，指我们 可以做很多事情，强调现在的能力，应用 can 表示“能，会”。must 表示“必须，一定”，强调 必须做或肯定推测；might 表示“可能，可以”，更加委婉、不确定；could 表示“可能，可以”， 指过去的可能性或能力。故选 A。 57.

解析：考查定语从句。句意：我已经到了人生中应该自己做决定的阶段。空处引导限

制性定语从句，修饰先行词 point，表示“阶段，地步”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用 关系副词 where 引导。故选 B。

58.

解析：考查动词时态辨析。句意：——我们的新老师英语说得很流利！——是的，她 在英国的时候在牛津大学学了四年英语！study 是主句谓语动词，根据时态“when she was in Britain”可知，“在牛津大学学习”这个动作发生在过去，且已经结束，应用一般过去时态。 故选 A。 59.

解析：考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我在北京大学校园里度过的那些日子， 那些日子对我的人生影响巨大。第一空引导限制性的定语从句，引导词在从句中作 spent 的 宾语，修饰先行词 the days，为物，用 that 或者 which；第二空处引导非限制性定语从句， 引导词在从句作主语，引导词指代前文的事实，用 which。故选 B。 60.

解析：考查 with 复合结构中宾语补足语的用法。句意：当我进入房间时，我发现玛丽 安静地坐在沙发上，眼睛紧盯着智能手机。A. concentrating (现在分词，表示主动或进行， 但眼睛不能主动“专注”)；B. concentrated (过去分词，表示被动或完成)；C. to concentrate (不 定式，常表示目的或将来)；D. to be concentrated (不定式的被动式，不符合此处描述伴随状 态的要求)。由语意可知，此处表示“眼睛(被)专注于智能手机”，应用过去分词形式作宾语补 足语。故选 B。 61.

解析：考查定语从句。句意：天然染料最常见的天然来源是植物。“________ natural dyes come”是定语从句，修饰先行词 source，come from 是固定短语，意为“来自”，表示染料来源， 先行词指物，在从句中作 come from 的宾语，所以用 from which 引导定语从句。故选 A。 62.

解析：考查情态动词表推测。句意：哈利感觉不太舒服。他昨晚在聚会上肯定喝得太 多了。根据时间状语“last night”以及上文“Harry is feeling uncomfortable.”可知，此处对过去 的肯定猜测，表示“肯定做了某事”用 must have done。故选 C。 63. Because she believed spinach was nutritious./Because she didn’t want to encourage picky eating./ Because she determined not to give in to picky eating. 64. Throwing. 65. Try(ing) every food three times. 66. It gave her courage to face fears and helped her become a writer. 67. (Open) I think it’s important to try new things because it helps us grow and discover what we truly enjoy.

解析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“三次尝试”规则对作者及其女儿的积极影响。

1. 考 查 细 节 理 解 。 根 据 第 一 段 “Determined not to give in to picky eating, I stayed firm. Unhealthy food, I believed, should be for special occasions. ‘Mommy worked hard to make you a nutritious (有营养的) meal. Please eat it.’ (我下定决心不向挑食妥协，态度坚决。我认为，不 健康的食物应该只在特殊场合吃。‘妈妈辛苦为你做了有营养的一餐，请吃吧。’)”可知，作 者坚持让女儿吃菠菜是因为她认为菠菜有营养，且不想鼓励女儿挑食。故答案为 Because she believed spinach was nutritious./ Because she didn’t want to encourage picky eating./ Because she determined not to give in to picky eating.
2. 考查词句猜测。根据第二段中“‘No!’ she shouted, tossing her food on the floor. (‘不！’她喊 道，把食物扔到地上)”可知，“tossing”在此处的意思是“扔”，可以用“throwing”替换。故答案 为 Throwing。
3. 考查细节理解。根据第三段“My mother had a rule: try every food three times. (我妈妈有个 规矩：每种食物都要尝试三次)”可知，母亲尝试新食物的规则是每种食物都要尝试三次。故 答案为 Try(ing) every food three times.
4. 考 查细 节 理解 。根 据 最后 一 段“This rule gave me the courage to face fears, from public speaking to career changes. My life has been fuller because of it. If I hadn’t tried everything three times, I wouldn’t be a writer today. (这个规则给了我面对恐惧的勇气，从公开演讲到职业转变。 因为它，我的生活更加充实。如果我没有尝试所有事情三次，我今天就不会成为一名作家)” 可知，“三次尝试”的规则给了作者面对恐惧的勇气，帮助她成为了一名作家。故答案为 It gave her courage to face fears and helped her become a writer.
5. 考查开放性题目。本题为开放性问题，结合文章主旨，围绕尝试新事物的积极意义作答 即可，需符合字数要求。例如：我认为尝试新事物很重要，因为它帮助我们成长并发现我们 真正喜欢的东西。故答案为 I think it’s important to try new things because it helps us grow and discover what we truly enjoy.
6. It is a kind of play where children use everyday objects in creative, unstructured ways with no set outcome.
7. Because they give children room to do something new and are the basis for imaginative play.
8. It helps children exercise the ability to create and think for themselves.
9. The power/ benefits/ advantages of open-ended play.

解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了开放式游戏（open-ended play）的特点及其对 儿童发展的益处，包括激发想象力、培养创造力、提高解决问题能力和建立自信心等，并建 议成人在此过程中适当放手，给予孩子更多自由创造和学习的空间。

1. 考 查 细 节 理 解 。 根 据 文 章 第 一 段 “This is open-ended play, where children use everyday objects in creative, unstructured ways. It’s child-directed, with no set outcome. (这就是开放式游 戏，在这种游戏中，孩子们以创造性的、非结构化的方式使用日常物品。它由孩子主导，没 有固定的结果)”可知，开放式游戏是指儿童以创造性、非结构化的方式使用日常物品，没有 固 定 结 果 的 游 戏 。 故 填 It is a kind of play where children use everyday objects in creative, unstructured ways with no set outcome.
2. 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Unlike electronic toys or movie-based toys, open-ended toys — often called “loose parts” —give children the room to do something new. Loose parts can include egg holders, seashells, or cardboard boxes and other common objects. They are the basis for imaginative play that helps children become more creative. (与电子玩具或电影衍生玩具不 同，开放式玩具——通常被称为“松散部件”——给孩子们提供了尝试新事物的空间。“松散 部件”可以包括蛋托、贝壳、纸箱以及其他常见物品。它们是想象性游戏的基础，有助于孩 子变得更有创造力)”可知，开放式玩具被称为“松散部件”是因为它们为孩子提供了尝试新事 物 的 空 间 ， 并 且 是 激 发 想 象 力 的 游 戏 基 础 。 故 填 Because they give children room to do something new and are the basis for imaginative play.
3. 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“When a child picks up a stick and imagines it as a horse or telescope, she is exercising the ability to create and to think for herself. (当一个孩子捡起一根树 枝，把它想象成一匹马或望远镜时，她正在锻炼创造和独立思考的能力)”可知，孩子把树枝 想象成马的好处是能锻炼他们的创造力和独立思考能力。故填 It helps children exercise the ability to create and think for themselves.
4. 考查主旨大意。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Research shows open-ended play is beneficial in sometimes surprising ways. (研究表明，开放式游戏有时会带来意想不到的好处)”可知，本 文主要讲述开放性游戏的好处。故答案为 The power/ benefits/ advantages of open-ended play.
5. We should take measures to prevent teenagers from being addicted to mobile games.

解析：考查名词、情态动词、动词短语、名词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子提示词可知， 表示“应该”为情态动词 should；表示“采取措施做某事”应为动词短语 take measures to do sth，

表 示 “ 防 止 某 人 做 某 事 ” 应 为 动 词 短 语 prevent sb from doing sth ； 表 示 “ 青 少 年 ” 为 名 词 teenagers；表示“沉迷于”应为固定短语 be addicted to，此处 be 动词为动名词形式 being，表 示“手机游戏”应为名词短语 mobile games，结合句意可知，该句应为陈述一般事实，为一般 现在时。

1. He founded this charity in 1999 in memory of his late wife.

解析：考查时态、固定短语。“创办”表达为 found，其过去式是 founded，事情发生在 1999 年，用一般过去时；“慈善机构”是 charity，作宾语；“以纪念”用固定短语 in memory of；“已 故的”常见表达为 late。“妻子”为 wife。 74. The garden has been severely damaged, and it will take the restorers one year to restore its former glory.

解析：考查时态、语态和固定句型。“花园”使用名词 garden 作主语，“严重”使用副词 severely， “受损”使用动词 damage，和主语之间是被动关系，且是描述过去发生的事情对现在的影响， 应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，助动词使用 has；前后分句是并列关系， 使用 and 连接，“某人需要多长时间做某事”使用固定句型 it takes/took sb some time to do sth， it 是形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语，“这些修复师”使用名词复数 restorers，“1 年”译为 one year，“恢复它的昔日辉煌”使用动词短语 restore its former glory，该分句描述将来的事情， 使用一般将来时。 75. Although worldwide coming-of-age traditions vary from culture to culture, they share one common theme, representing one’s transition from childhood to adulthood.

解析：考查让步状语从句、动词短语、时态和非谓语动词。“尽管全世界成人礼的传统因 文化而异”作让步状语，用从属连词 although 引导让步状语从句，从句主语“全世界成人礼的 传统”译为 worldwide coming-of-age traditions，“因文化而异”用动词短语 vary from culture to culture 表示，描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时态，主语为复数，谓语动词用原形；“但它 们都有一个共同的主题”是主句，主语“它们”译为 they，“有一个共同的主题”用动词短语 share one common theme，描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时态，主语为复数，谓语动词用原形 share； “ 标 志 着 一 个 人 从 童 年 向 成 年 的 转 变 ” 作 伴 随 状 语 ， 译 为 represent one’s transition from childhood to adulthood，用现在分词表主动。 76. C 77. D 78. H 79. J 80. I 81. K 82. B 83. G 84. A 85. F

解析：这是一篇记叙文。作者分享自家智能家居体验，虽投入约 2000 美元实现语音或 App

控制，却面临电费未减、误报等问题，不过多数设备保留基础开关，让他有慰藉。

1. 考查形容词。句意：然而，对于我的妻子来说，这却是一个令人烦恼的过程，其中涉及 各种应用程序和无线网络。根据“involving apps and Wi-Fi”以及句意“令人烦恼”可知应填形容 词 annoying，修饰名词 process。故选 C。
2. 考查动词。句意：我在这项家庭技术上的花费约为 2000 美元，通过一个应用程序或者 我的语音就能控制所有设备。根据“everything via a single app or my voice”以及句意“控制”可 知应填现在分词 controlling，作状语。故选 D。
3. 考查形容词。句意：这样一来，家庭访客就可以按照“正常”的方式来操作设备：在恒温 器上设定所需的温度，打开灯光，然后按下“开启”按钮来观看新闻。根据“dialing a desired temperature on the thermostat, flicking the lights on, and pressing the “on” button to watch news” 以及句意“正常”可知应填形容词 normal，修饰 way。故选 H。
4. 考查动词。句意：然而，在这个智能家庭生活了四年之后，我最初那种强烈的掌控感已 经转变成了依赖感，并夹杂着一丝焦虑。根据“into dependence, mixed with anxiety”以及句意 “转变”可知应填动词 shift，根据 has 可知为现在完成时。故选 J。
5. 考查名词。句意：我的智能恒温器承诺能省钱，因为它只会在必要时才调整温度。根据 “However, I have observed no change in my electrical bills since its installation. It even alters temperatures randomly based on a learning algorithm that can’t make sense. (然而，自从安装了这 个设备以来，我的电费没有任何变化。而且它还会根据一种无法理解的学习算法随机地改变 室温.)”以及句意“省钱”可知应填名词 savings，作宾语。故选 I。
6. 考查动词。句意：一天晚上，我工作到很晚时，手机突然响起提示音：“客厅发现人员” 根据“my phone buzzed with an alert: “Person”以及句意“发现”可知应填过去分词 spotted，故选 K。
7. 考查名词。句意：我疯狂地打开了摄像机的夜视功能进行查看，但什么也没发现；原来 是虚假警报。根据“but it revealed nothing; it was a false”以及句意“警报”可知应填名词 alarm， 作表语，不定冠词提示用单数。故选 B。
8. 考查副词。句意：这一点至关重要，因为我喜欢用铸铁锅煎食物，而这种行为往往会触 发警报——对于任何在纽约烹饪牛排的人来说，这都是常见的经历。根据“as I enjoy frying food in cast iron, an activity that”以及句意“往往”可知应填副词 frequently，修饰动词 triggers。 故选 G。
9. 考查名词。句意：作为一名热衷于通过语音控制设备的早期采用者，我意识到将每台设

备都接入互联网可能会令人感到恐惧。根据“eager to command devices by voice”以及句意“采 用者”可知应填单数名词 adopter，作宾语。故选 A。

1. 考查名词。句意：尽管这种趋势带来了诸多困扰，且似乎无法逆转，但仍有一个重要因 素让人感到宽慰：这些设备中大多数仍保留着其最重要的功能——一个简单的开和关的开关。 根据“a simple on and off switch”以及句意“功能”可知应填名词 feature，作宾语。故选 F。
2. 【

参考答案

】 Chilies, loved by many but potentially harmful, are popular in China. Despite cases like a US man suffering headaches after eating the Carolina Reaper, studies show that eating spicy food can lower mortality rates and improve health due to capsaicin’s benefits.