代词

代词是代替名词或名词短语的词类,分人称、物主、反身、指示、疑问、连接、关系、不定、相互等九类,其形式变化取决于”格”和在句中的功能。

一、核心规则

  1. 人称代词有格:主格 I/you/he/she/it/we/they 作主语(正式文体也可作表语);宾格 me/you/him/her/it/us/them 作动词或介词的宾语(口语中可作表语)。
  2. 人称代词排列顺序:单数按”二、三、一”(You, he and I must obey the rules.);复数按”一、二、三”(We, you and they should stay here.)。承担责任或过失时第一人称放前:It was I and Tom who were late.;男女并排时先男后女:him and her。
  3. 物主代词分两套:形容词性(my, your, his, her, its, our, their)只作定语;名词性(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs)不能作定语,可作主语、宾语、表语,也可与 of 连用作定语:a friend of ours。
  4. 物主代词可与 own 连用强调:my own eyes;也可用 of one's own 后置作定语:a room of my own / a room of mine。
  5. 反身代词:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。作宾语(与主语同指)、同位语(强调)、表语三类;常用搭配如 by oneself, enjoy oneself, help oneself to, teach oneself, make oneself at home。
  6. 指示代词:this/these(近指)、that/those(远指);that/those 还可作”替代词”,替代前面出现过的名词以避免重复:The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.
  7. 替代词 one/ones, that/those, it 分工不同:one 替代可数名词(同类不同一个),it 指同一个事物,that/those 多替代带后置修饰的名词。参见 it的用法。
  8. 关系代词与连接代词属句法范畴,见 关系代词与关系副词 与 名词性从句;不定代词数量最多、考点最密,单独成页,见 不定代词。

二、结构与公式

  • 主格 → 作主语/表语:I / he / they + 谓语
  • 宾格 → 作宾语:动词/介词 + me / him / them
  • 形容词性物主:my / your / his + 名词
  • 名词性物主:主语/宾语/表语: mine / yours / his / hers / ours / theirs;a + 名词 + of + 名词性物主代词
  • 反身:主语 + 动词 + oneself(同指)/主语 + oneself(同位强调,可置于主语后或句末)
  • 替代:one / ones(可数,泛指同类)|it(同一事物)|that / those(常带后置定语)

三、典型例句

  1. You, he and I must obey the rules.(你、他和我都得遵守规则。)——单数人称代词”二三一”顺序。
  2. It was I and Tom who were late.(迟到的是我和汤姆。)——承担责任时第一人称前置。
  3. His son is taller than hers.(他的儿子比她的儿子高。)——名词性物主代词作比较对象。
  4. Ours is a great country.(我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。)——名词性物主代词作主语。
  5. Mind your own business.(别管闲事。)——物主代词 + own 表强调。
  6. The climate here is much milder than that of my hometown.(这儿的气候比我家乡的气候温和得多。)——that 替代带后置定语的名词。
  7. She made the dress herself.(这条裙子是她自己做的。)——反身代词作同位语强调。
  8. I have lost my pen. I must buy one.(我的笔丢了,我得买一支。)——one 替代同类可数名词。

四、易错点

  • ✗ This is your pen. My is in the box. → ✓ Mine is in the box.——名词性物主代词才能独立作主语,my 是形容词性,必须带名词。
  • ✗ a friend of me → ✓ a friend of mine——of 后接名词性物主代词。
  • ✗ The population of China is larger than Japan. → ✓ … larger than that of Japan.——比较对象须同类,用 that 替代 the population。
  • ✗ Me and Tom went there. → ✓ Tom and I went there.——作主语须用主格,且顺序为”他人先、自己后”。
  • ✗ He hurt himself’s leg. → ✓ He hurt his own leg.——反身代词没有所有格形式。

五、高考考点

  1. 语法填空(给词填空):括号给 I/we/he 等,需判断作主语还是宾语,填主格或宾格。
  2. 短文改错:物主代词与名词性物主代词混用、反身代词与被代对象不一致、替代词 one/it/that 误用。
  3. 单项选择:it 与 one 与 that 的辨析是经典送分题也是易错题(前文是”同一个”用 it,是”同类任一个”用 one)。
  4. 写作:代词指代不清(ambiguous reference)是书面表达扣分点,长句中应优先用名词重复或改用关系从句。

六、对比与延伸

不定代词、it的用法、名词、关系代词与关系副词、名词性从句、构词法

七、来源

  • 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/代词用法/00330-英语代词用法详解·人称代词.md
  • 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/代词用法/00090-物主代词用法归纳.md
  • 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/代词用法/00053-英语替代词的使用技巧.md
作者:admin  创建时间:2026-09-11 18:04
最后编辑:admin  更新时间:2026-10-06 00:48