that vs which

一句话判据：两者指物时多数可互换，一票定胜负的是三条：从句带逗号（非限制性）→ 只能 which；关系词前面有介词 → 只能 which；先行词是 all/nothing/everything 等不定代词，或有 only/the very/the same/最高级/序数词 修饰，或兼指人与物 → 只能 that。

一、对照表

二、例句对照

that： - There is nothing that will stop us making progress.（没有什么能阻止我们进步。） - This is the only problem that we can’t work out.（这是我们不能解决的唯一一个问题。） - This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used.（这是我用过的最好的词典。）

which： - The current, which is very rapid, makes the river dangerous.（水流湍急，使这条河很危险。） - She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her.（她可能晚到，那样我们就得等一等她。） - The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down.（我们过去常在下面休息的那棵树已被砍掉了。）

三、易错陷阱

• 母语干扰点（非限制性从句用 that）：✗ The pencil-case, that I bought last week, is missing. → ✓ The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing.（非限制性定语从句指物时只能用 which）
• 母语干扰点（介词后用 that）：✗ The documents for that they were searching have been recovered. → ✓ The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.（关系代词紧跟在介词后，只能用 which）
• 母语干扰点（最高级后用 which）：✗ This is the most interesting book which I have ever read. → ✓ This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.（先行词由最高级修饰时只能用 that）
• 母语干扰点（不定代词后用 which）：✗ Have you everything which you need? → ✓ Have you everything that you need?（先行词为 everything 等复合不定代词时只能用 that）

四、记忆口诀

逗号后、介词后只认 which；all/only/最高级/人物混指只认 that。

五、相关链接

定语从句、关系代词与关系副词、which vs where、名词性从句、高考语法高频考点与命题陷阱

六、来源

• 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/定语从句/00104-that与which的用法区别.md
• 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/定语从句/00941-也谈that和which的用法区别.md
• 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/定语从句/00071-限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的六点区别.md