就近原则 vs 就远原则

一句话判据：谓语该跟哪个主语保持一致，看两个主语是被并列连词连起来的还是被伴随介词短语附加的——并列连词（or / either…or / neither…nor / not only…but also）连起来的看最近的那个（就近原则）；由 with / as well as / together with / but / except 等引出的伴随成分可以划掉不看，谓语跟前面那个主语（就远原则）。

一、对照表

| 维度 | 就近原则 | 就远原则 | | 触发结构 | or, either…or, neither…nor, not…but, not only…but also；there be 后的并列主语 | with, together with, along with, as well as, as much as, no less than, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to, combined with | | 谓语跟谁一致 | 紧跟谓语之前的那个主语 | 介词短语之前的主语（更远的那个） | | 典型例句 | Either my father or my brothers are coming. | A woman with two children has come. | | 疑问句 | 与位于句首、最靠近谓语的主语一致 | 同上 | | 应试提示 | 非正式文体中可一律用复数，考试应避免 | 不要把 with 等短语误当主语 |

二、例句对照

就近原则： - Either my father or my brothers are coming.（不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。） - Neither you nor he is tired.（你和他都没累。） - Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.（不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏。） - There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate.（盘子里有一个苹果、两个梨子和一些橘子。）

就远原则： - A woman with two children has come.（一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。） - Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film.（吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。） - The son, as well as his parents, wants to go there.（儿子想去那儿，他的父母也想去。） - Everybody except you is down on me.（除了你，大家都看不起我。）

三、易错陷阱

• 母语干扰点：看见两个主语就用复数 → ✗ Neither you nor I is a stranger here. → ✓ Neither you nor I am a stranger here.（就近：最靠近谓语的是 I）
• or 连接时跟错对象：✗ Not you but I is to blame. → ✓ Not you but I am to blame.（not…but… 取后一个主语）
• 伴随短语误当主语：✗ The teacher, as well as the students, are interested in the activity. → ✓ The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in the activity.（as well as 不改变主语单复数）
• there be 看错顺序：✗ There is two pears, some oranges and an apple on the plate. → ✓ There are two pears, some oranges and an apple on the plate.（there be 的数由最靠近它的那个主语决定）
• 疑问句里方向相反：You or he is to blame.（陈述句看第二个）／Are you or he to blame?（疑问句看第一个，即最靠近谓语的 you）

四、记忆口诀

并列连词看最近（就近），伴随短语不算数（就远）；there be 后面谁挨得近就听谁的。

五、相关链接

主谓一致、there be存在句、连词、名词、语法易错清单

六、来源

• 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/主谓一致/02376-哪些结构作主语采用就近原则.md
• 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/主谓一致/02375-哪些结构作主语采用就远原则.md
• 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/主谓一致/01117-采用“就近原则”的两个典型用法.md
• 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/主谓一致/01262-连词or与主谓一致.md
• 语法体系/考点专题/063-主谓一致原则.md