过去将来时

由 would + 动词原形构成，表示从现在看是过去、而从过去某时看是将要发生的动作，最常用于宾语从句中。

一、核心规则

1. 过去视角的将来：参照点在过去，动作在其之后发生，如 He said he would come.
2. 主句过去时的时态呼应：宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中常用 would do 表示”将会”。
3. 其他从句中也可用：如 It was a problem whether they would support us.；语境许可时也可用于独立句子，如 The sun would soon set.
4. 表过去习惯：would do 可表示过去反复发生的习惯性动作，如 Whenever he had time, he would help his mother.
5. 表愿望或倾向：如 He told me that the machine wouldn’t work.
6. 多种替代表达：was/were going to do（打算；也可表示未实现的打算）、was/were to do（按安排；未实现用 was/were to have done）、was/were about to do（正要做）、was/were due to do（定于）、以及用一般过去时或过去进行时表过去将来。
7. 虚拟语气中的 would：与过去将来时形式相同，需靠语境区分，见 虚拟语气。

二、结构与公式

• 基本式：would/should + 动词原形。
• 打算：was/were going to + 动词原形；安排：was/were to + 动词原形；即将：was/were about to + 动词原形。
• 否定：would not (wouldn't) + 动词原形。
• 被动：would be + 过去分词（如 The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.）。

三、典型例句

1. He said he would come to see us.（他说他会来看我们。）——宾语从句中的过去将来。
2. They were sure that they would win the game.（他们坚信他们会赢得比赛。）——从句表将来的确信。
3. Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with the housework.（他一有时间就帮妈妈做家务活。）——过去习惯。
4. He told me that we were to leave at 2:30 pm.（他告诉我我们下午两点半动身。）——过去按安排。
5. I was going to see you last night, but I was too busy.（我昨晚本想去看你的，但太忙了。）——未实现的打算。
6. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.（经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。）——过去将来时的被动式。

四、易错点

1. ✗ He said he will come tomorrow. → ✓ He said he would come the next day. 主句过去时，从句须用过去将来时并把时间状语后移。
2. ✗ He said his brother is leaving for Japan tomorrow. → ✓ He said his brother was leaving for Japan the next day. 时态呼应同样适用于进行时表将来。
3. ✗ I was to have left at 6 last night.（想表达”计划离开且已离开”）→ ✓ I was to leave at 6 last night. was/were to have done 专门表示计划未实现。
4. ✗ We would leave at ten o’clock tomorrow.（无过去参照点）→ ✓ We will leave at ten o’clock tomorrow. 没有过去参照点时用一般将来时。

五、高考考点

1. 时态呼应：宾语从句中与主句过去时配对的考点，选项常混入 will do、are going to do 等现在视角形式。
2. 间接引语转换：will→would, shall→should, be going to→was/were going to，并同步调整时间状语。
3. 未实现计划：was/were going to have done 与 was/were to have done、had intended/hoped to do 构成”本想而没做”的一组表达。
4. 写作升级：叙事文中 I would never forget the day... / He would often sit by the river... 可表过去习惯，增强回忆感。

六、对比与延伸

• 将来时家族：一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时。
• 过去时家族：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时。
• 呼应规则：时态一致、宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句。
• 语气相关：虚拟语气、情态动词、被动语态。
• 上位总览：动词时态总览。

七、来源

• 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/动词时态/04298-英语动词时态用法归纳：过去将来时.md
• 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/动词时态/00324-英语动词时态详解：过去将来时.md
• 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/动词时态/00185-过去将来时的用法说明.md
• 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/动词时态/03952-英语过去将来时的用法（入门级）.md