将来完成时

由 will/shall have + 过去分词构成，表示到将来某一时间为止已经完成或一直持续的动作，也可表推测。

一、核心规则

1. 将来某时前已完成：常与 by + 将来时间、by the time + 从句、before + 将来时间连用，如 by the end of next year。
2. 表示状态的持续：某种状况一直持续到将来所说的某一时间，如 On Monday he’ll have been in Britain for three years.
3. 表示推测：对已发生情况的肯定推测，如 They will have arrived there by now.（这时候他们可能已到那儿了。）
4. 参照点思维：现在完成时以”现在”为参照，过去完成时以”过去”为参照，将来完成时以”将来”为参照——三者公式只差助动词。
5. 从句替代规则：时间或条件状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，如 I will go with you when I have finished my work.
6. 被动形式：will have been + 过去分词，是”by + 将来时间”与被动语态结合的常考点。

二、结构与公式

• 肯定：will/shall have + 过去分词。
• 否定：will/shall not have + 过去分词。
• 疑问：Will + 主语 + have + 过去分词?
• 被动：will have been + 过去分词。
• 标志搭配：by + 将来时间、by the time + 一般现在时从句、by then。

三、典型例句

1. I shall have finished this book next week.（下周我就会读完这本书了。）——将来某时前完成。
2. On Monday he’ll have been in Britain for three years.（到星期一，他在英国就满三年了。）——状态的持续。
3. We will have been married a year on June 25th.（到 6 月 25 日我们结婚就满一年了。）——持续到将来某时。
4. They will have arrived there by now.（这时候他们可能已到那儿了。）——表推测。
5. The mayor says that all construction work will have been completed by 2006.（市长说所有工程将在 2006 年前完工。）——将来完成时的被动式。
6. I will go with you when I have finished my work.（等我完成工作之后就同你去。）——从句用现在完成时代替。

四、易错点

1. ✗ By the end of next year, he will finish his novel. → ✓ By the end of next year, he will have finished his novel. by + 将来时间要求用将来完成时。
2. ✗ All the work will have completed by next month. → ✓ All the work will have been completed by next month. work 与 complete 是被动关系，须用被动式。
3. ✗ When I will have finished my homework, I will call you. → ✓ When I have finished my homework, I will call you. 状语从句不用将来完成时。
4. ✗ He will have been in Britain since three years. → ✓ He will have been in Britain for three years. 表持续用 for + 时间段，since 后接时间点。

五、高考考点

1. by + 将来时间：语法填空与单选的高频提示，几乎直接锁定将来完成时（常与被动叠加）。
2. 三完成时对比：has done / had done / will have done 由参照点区分，题干常给 by the end of last year 与 by the end of next year 作对照。
3. 时语态综合题：如 The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics will have been completed by 2006.
4. 写作升级：展望类作文中 By 2030, our city will have taken on a completely new look. 比 will change 更有张力。

六、对比与延伸

• 完成时家族：现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时。
• 将来时家族：一般将来时、将来进行时、过去将来时。
• 辨析页：现在完成时 vs 过去完成时。
• 语态与结构：被动语态、状语从句、时态一致、主谓一致。
• 上位总览：动词时态总览。

七、来源

• 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/动词时态/04305-英语动词时态用法归纳：将来完成时.md
• 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/动词时态/04687-将来完成时主要用法归纳.md
• 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/动词时态/00191-英语动词时态详解：将来完成时.md
• 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/被动语态/01541-有关被动语态的几个重要考点.md