主谓一致
谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致,遵循语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三个原则。
一、核心规则
- 语法一致:主语是单数形式,谓语用单数;主语是复数形式,谓语用复数。
- 意义一致:谓语动词的数取决于主语所表示的概念,而不是其语法形式(The news is…;The police are…)。
- 就近一致:谓语动词的数取决于最靠近它的那个主语成分,常见于 either…or、neither…nor、not only…but also、there be 句型。
- 集合名词(family, class, team, group, audience)视为整体时谓语用单数,强调其中成员时用复数。
- 特殊结构:many a + 单数名词、more than one + 单数名词作主语时谓语用单数(语法一致);each 用于复数名词后作同位语时谓语用复数。
- 主语后接 in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but 等介词短语时,谓语与介词前的主语保持一致。
- 时间、距离、金额、数量作主语时视为一个整体,谓语用单数;算术式也常用单数谓语。
- 动名词、不定式或从句作主语时,谓语用单数;means, deer, sheep, series 等单复数同形的词视具体含义决定。
二、结构与公式
语法一致:A(单)+ 单数谓语;A and B + 复数谓语
意义一致:the police are / the news is / Ten years is a long time.
就近一致:Either A or B + 谓语按 B;Neither A nor B + 谓语按 B;There is/are + 名词
特殊搭配:many a + n.(单) + 单数谓语;more than one + n.(单) + 单数谓语
主语 + with / together with / except / but + 其他成分 → 谓语随前面的主语
非谓语或从句作主语 → 谓语用单数
- A and B 表同一人或同一物时用单数:The poet and writer has come.
- 并列主语用 both…and 时一律用复数谓语。
三、典型例句
- Both my parents are doctors.(我的父母都是医生。)
- The police are coming.(警察来了。)
- Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it.(老师和学生对此都不感兴趣。)
- Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film.(吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。)
- Many a child was playing there.(很多小孩在那儿玩。)
- Ten years is a long time.(十年是很长一段时间。)
四、易错点
- ✗ The news are important for us. → ✓ The news is important for us.(news 形式上像复数,实为不可数名词)
- ✗ Neither you nor he are right. → ✓ Neither you nor he is right.(就近一致,谓语随最近的主语 he)
- ✗ Jim together with his friends have come. → ✓ Jim together with his friends has come.(with / together with 不改变前面主语的数)
- ✗ Each of the students have a dictionary. → ✓ Each of the students has a dictionary.(each of + 复数名词作主语用单数谓语)
五、高考考点
- 语法填空与单选必考:就近一致(or / nor / not only…but also)与意义一致(police, people, cattle)。
- 短文改错高频:谓语动词单复数与主语不一致,尤其是主语后带 with / together with 短语时。
- 考查「the + 形容词」作主语时的数(the rich 复数、the beautiful 抽象概念单数)。
- 写作升级:写长句时检查真正的主语中心词,避免被插入语干扰。
六、对比与延伸
七、来源
语法体系/英语语法网专栏/主谓一致/00271-主谓一致的三个原则.md语法体系/英语语法网专栏/主谓一致/00299-英语主谓一致的三个原则.md语法体系/英语语法网专栏/主谓一致/00276-几个容易弄错的主谓一致问题.md语法体系/英语语法网专栏/主谓一致/00272-集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题.md
作者:admin 创建时间:2026-09-11 18:04
最后编辑:admin 更新时间:2026-10-06 00:48
最后编辑:admin 更新时间:2026-10-06 00:48