主谓一致

谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致,遵循语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三个原则。

一、核心规则

  1. 语法一致:主语是单数形式,谓语用单数;主语是复数形式,谓语用复数。
  2. 意义一致:谓语动词的数取决于主语所表示的概念,而不是其语法形式(The news is…;The police are…)。
  3. 就近一致:谓语动词的数取决于最靠近它的那个主语成分,常见于 either…or、neither…nor、not only…but also、there be 句型。
  4. 集合名词(family, class, team, group, audience)视为整体时谓语用单数,强调其中成员时用复数。
  5. 特殊结构:many a + 单数名词、more than one + 单数名词作主语时谓语用单数(语法一致);each 用于复数名词后作同位语时谓语用复数。
  6. 主语后接 in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but 等介词短语时,谓语与介词前的主语保持一致。
  7. 时间、距离、金额、数量作主语时视为一个整体,谓语用单数;算术式也常用单数谓语。
  8. 动名词、不定式或从句作主语时,谓语用单数;means, deer, sheep, series 等单复数同形的词视具体含义决定。

二、结构与公式

语法一致:A(单)+ 单数谓语;A and B + 复数谓语
意义一致:the police are / the news is / Ten years is a long time.
就近一致:Either A or B + 谓语按 B;Neither A nor B + 谓语按 B;There is/are + 名词
特殊搭配:many a + n.(单) + 单数谓语;more than one + n.(单) + 单数谓语
主语 + with / together with / except / but + 其他成分 → 谓语随前面的主语
非谓语或从句作主语 → 谓语用单数
  • A and B 表同一人或同一物时用单数:The poet and writer has come.
  • 并列主语用 both…and 时一律用复数谓语。

三、典型例句

  1. Both my parents are doctors.(我的父母都是医生。)
  2. The police are coming.(警察来了。)
  3. Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it.(老师和学生对此都不感兴趣。)
  4. Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film.(吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。)
  5. Many a child was playing there.(很多小孩在那儿玩。)
  6. Ten years is a long time.(十年是很长一段时间。)

四、易错点

  1. ✗ The news are important for us. → ✓ The news is important for us.(news 形式上像复数,实为不可数名词)
  2. ✗ Neither you nor he are right. → ✓ Neither you nor he is right.(就近一致,谓语随最近的主语 he)
  3. ✗ Jim together with his friends have come. → ✓ Jim together with his friends has come.(with / together with 不改变前面主语的数)
  4. ✗ Each of the students have a dictionary. → ✓ Each of the students has a dictionary.(each of + 复数名词作主语用单数谓语)

五、高考考点

  1. 语法填空与单选必考:就近一致(or / nor / not only…but also)与意义一致(police, people, cattle)。
  2. 短文改错高频:谓语动词单复数与主语不一致,尤其是主语后带 with / together with 短语时。
  3. 考查「the + 形容词」作主语时的数(the rich 复数、the beautiful 抽象概念单数)。
  4. 写作升级:写长句时检查真正的主语中心词,避免被插入语干扰。

六、对比与延伸

七、来源

  • 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/主谓一致/00271-主谓一致的三个原则.md
  • 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/主谓一致/00299-英语主谓一致的三个原则.md
  • 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/主谓一致/00276-几个容易弄错的主谓一致问题.md
  • 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/主谓一致/00272-集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题.md
作者:admin  创建时间:2026-09-11 18:04
最后编辑:admin  更新时间:2026-10-06 00:48