关系代词与关系副词

关系词是定语从句的引导词,分关系代词与关系副词两类,其选用由“先行词指什么 + 在从句中作什么成分”共同决定。

一、核心规则

  1. 关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that, as)在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语;关系副词(when, where, why)在从句中作状语。
  2. 关系代词选择:指人用 who/whom/that,指物用 which/that,表所属用 whose,as 用于 such/the same 之后或指代整句。
  3. 关系副词选择:先行词为时间用 when,地点用 where,原因(主要是 the reason)用 why。
  4. how 不能作关系副词,the way 后只能用 that / in which 或直接省略。
  5. why 只能引导限制性定语从句;非限制性中若要表原因可用 for which reason。
  6. 先行词是 all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none 或受 the only, the very, the same 修饰时,多用 that。
  7. 非限制性定语从句和介词后指物时用 which,不用 that。

二、结构与公式

关系词 先行词 从句中作用
who / whom 人 主语 / 宾语
whose 人、物 定语
which 物、整句 主语 / 宾语
that 人、物 主语 / 宾语 / 表语
as 物、整句 主语 / 宾语(“正如”)
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why the reason 原因状语
  • 先行词 + 介词 + which/whom + 从句,可缩为 介词 + which/whom + 不定式
  • 省略条件:关系代词作宾语/表语;when 在 day, year, time 后;where 在 place, somewhere 后;why 在 the reason 后

三、典型例句

  1. Do you know a shop where I can find sandals?(你知道哪家商店我能找到凉鞋吗?)
  2. That’s the reason why he dislikes me.(这就是他不喜欢我的原因。)
  3. This is the only example that I know.(我知道的例子只有这一个。)
  4. The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.(他们找寻的文件已找到了。)
  5. He had only the long nights in which to study.(他只有漫漫长夜可用来学习。)
  6. He changed his mind, which made me very angry.(他改变了主意,这使我很生气。)
  7. Don’t forget the time (that) I’ve told you.(不要忘记我告诉你的时间。)

四、易错点

  1. ✗ This is the way how he spoke. → ✓ This is the way (that) he spoke. 原因:how 不能作关系副词。
  2. ✗ The reason why he gave was not true. 混用 → ✓ The reason (that) he gave was not true.(关系词在从句中作 gave 的宾语,用关系代词)
  3. ✗ The London team, that played so well last season, has done badly. → ✓ The London team, which played so well last season, has done badly. 原因:非限制性从句不用 that。
  4. ✗ She may be late, in that case we ought to wait for her. → ✓ in which case. 原因:介词后指物用 which。

五、高考考点

  1. 语法填空:唯一设空常考关系词的“代词还是副词”,判据是从句是否缺主语或宾语。
  2. 单选:that 与 which、as 与 which、where 与 which 的辨析为高频题型。
  3. 短文改错:关系词误用为人称代词,或多加一个同义人称代词。
  4. 写作升级:介词 + which 与非限制性 which 指代整句,用于衔接前后句(见 语法在写作中的升级用法)。

六、对比与延伸

七、来源

  • 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/定语从句/00064-英语关系副词用法说明.md
  • 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/定语从句/00104-that与which的用法区别.md
  • 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/定语从句/00106-关系代词as与which区别详解.md
  • 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/定语从句/00070-省略关系词的几种情形.md
作者:admin  创建时间:2026-09-11 18:05
最后编辑:admin  更新时间:2026-10-06 00:48