there be存在句

用 there 作引导词、be 作谓语,表示“某处有某物”的句型,there 本身没有实际意义。

一、核心规则

  1. 基本结构为 There be + 名词 + 地点/时间状语,there 是引导词而非主语,真正的主语是 be 后的名词。
  2. 主谓一致:只有一个主语时谓语与其一致;有几个并列主语时通常与靠近的主语一致(见 就近原则 vs 就远原则)。
  3. 时态由 be 体现,可用一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等。
  4. be 可与情态动词连用:there may be, there must be, there can’t be 等。
  5. be 的变体:there seems to be, there appears to be, there used to be, there happens to be。
  6. 名词后常接不定式、现在分词或过去分词作定语:There is nothing to be done now. / There being nothing else to do, we went home.
  7. 固定惯用句型:There is no doing(无法…)、There is no doubt…、There is no need for…、There is no question of doing…。

二、结构与公式

  • There + be + 名词短语 + 地点/时间状语
  • There + be + 名词 + 不定式/分词
  • There + 情态动词 + be + 名词
  • There seems/appears/happens to be + 名词
  • 惯用:There is no denying that… / There is no doubt that… / There is no need for sb to do sth
  • 非谓语形式:There being + 名词(独立主格,见 独立主格)

三、典型例句

  1. There is a man at the door.(门口有个人。)
  2. There are some girls in the room.(房间里有几个女孩。)
  3. There is a pen and some books on the desk.(桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。)— 就近一致
  4. There will be rain next week.(下星期要下雨。)
  5. There’s no denying the fact.(这一事实不容否认。)
  6. There could be no doubt that he was one of the best writers in this country.(毫无疑问他是这个国家最优秀的作家之一。)
  7. There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.(因为没有公共汽车,所以我们不得不步行回家。)

四、易错点

  1. ✗ There has a book on the desk. → ✓ There is a book on the desk. 原因:there be 中的 be 不能换成 have;表“有”用 there be,表“拥有”才用 have。
  2. ✗ There are a pen and some books on the desk. → ✓ There is a pen and some books…. 原因:并列主语时与靠近的主语一致。
  3. ✗ There is no know what he will do next. → ✓ There is no knowing what he will do next. 原因:There is no doing 是固定句型,须用动名词。
  4. ✗ There is coming the bus. → ✓ Here comes the bus. 原因:there be 结构不表示“来了”的动态意义。

五、高考考点

  1. 语法填空:there be 的主谓一致与时态、情态动词设空为高频考点。
  2. 单选:there be 与 have 的区分、There is no doing 固定句型。
  3. 短文改错:There has/have 误用、复数主语配 is。
  4. 写作升级:用 There is no doubt that… / There is no denying that… 引出结论(见 语法在写作中的升级用法)。

六、对比与延伸

七、来源

  • 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/there be存在句/00247-there be结构的分析与理解.md
  • 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/there be存在句/00267-有关there be结构的九个惯用句型.md
  • 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/there be存在句/00475-there be句式的主谓一致问题.md
  • 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/there be存在句/00820-there be句式时态问题.md
  • 语法体系/英语语法网专栏/there be存在句/00266-谈谈“there be+名词+非谓语动词”.md
作者:admin  创建时间:2026-09-11 18:05
最后编辑:admin  更新时间:2026-10-06 00:48